history XX

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BANAT'S HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY FOR THE LAST MILLENNIUM

XX CENTURY

year/month/date

1900	Census.
1900-1902	Construction of the Palace of the Timis-Bega Association for Hydrological Land Management.
1900.10.15	Inauguration of the Higher Education Institute for Arts and Professions in Timisoara.
1901-1915	Today's system of canal lock is build on Channel Bega. Up to 1945 the Channel Bega is used for international traffic and up to 1962 for local traffic.
1901.08.15	Inauguration of the “St. Gisela” orphanage in Timisoara, constructed according to the plans of architect Ernst Gotthilf.
1901-1903	Timisoara’s Technical Service draws up a new systematization plan.
1901.10.13	Sanctification of the Roman-Catholic church “Millenium” in Timisoara.
1902	The railroad toward Lugoj moves to the present location. Lawyer Peter Dobroszalav chairs the foundation meeting of the first football/soccer club in Banat, with 30 members.
1902.10.19	Sanctification of the Lutheran/Calvinist community’s church and house in Timisoara.
1902-1903	Construction of the High School for Girls [presently: High School “Eftimie Murgu”] in Timisoara, according to the plans of architects Leopold Baumhorn and Jakob Klein.
1903	Architect Laszlo Szekely [1877-1934] is appointed chief architect of Timisoara. During his career he designed and constructed a series of important buildings in Timisoara. Set up of Timisoara’s Hungarian Choir. The daily newspaper “Temesvari Hirlap” appears.
1904.01.10	Foundation meeting of the “Janos Arany” literary association in Timisoara.
1904.06.02	Johnny Weissmuller, Olympic Champion and worldwide known as famous interpreter of the first Tarzan, was born in Timisoara’s Freidorf quarter.
1904.09.25	Inauguration of the children asylum and policlinic in Timisoara.
1904	Inauguration of Timisoara’s library, with a number of 27850 [other sources are mentioning 70.000] volumes.
1904-1905	Construction of the town’s abattoir [architect Laszlo Szekely] in Timisoara.
1905	Set up of the institute for blind people in Timisoara.
1906.02.16	First concert performed in Timisoara by the well-known composer and folklorist Bela Bartok.
1906	In Timisoara is opening the Academy of Music. Between 1925-1951 it's manager is the romanian composer Sabin Dragoi. Construction of the new monument dedicated to “St. Mary” [arch. Laszlo Szekely, sculptor Gyorgy Kiss] on the place where Gheorghe Doja was executed.
1906.11.25	Sanctification of the Greek-Catholic church in the Fabric district, which was donated by the Roman-Catholics.
1907	Is starting the process of demolishing of the castle's walls. Sanandrei-Varias railroad.
1907.12.01	Opening of Timisoara’s music school.
1907.12.30	Founding of the Ungarländische Deutsche Volkspartei [German Popular Party from Hungary]. President: lawyer Ludwig Kremling; vice-president: Johann Röser, bauer from Carpinis. Between 1910-1913 the representatives of the movement were dragged in 648 trials [199 convictions].
1908	All the popular gatherings convoked by the German Popular Party are banned by the police.
1908.06.27	Opening in Timisoara of the first permanent cinema hall built and used by Joseph Ecker Jr. and Georg Pflum. In 1913 the Timisoara's mayoralty will buy the cinema halls and with their incomes will help the Old's House and the orphanages.
1908-1909	Construction of the new church, school and monastery of the Piarist community in Timisoara.
1909	Put in function of the hydroelectric works on the Bega River, called “Turbinele”.
1910.01.01	The Mehala locality is annexed to Timisoara from the administrative point of view.
1910	Census.
1910	In Timisoara exists 23 banks and 5 credit societies
1910-1912	Construction of the “Lloyd Palace” and the series of stately buildings on the western part of the Opera Square, the well-known “Corso” from Timisoara.
1910-1913	Construction of the Central Post Office in Timisoara, according to the plans of architect Ignac Alpar.
1911-1912	Construction of the new Romanian Orthodox Church in the Fabric district. The pick year for the emigration to USA.
1912	Laying of the head stone of the Roman-Catholic church in the Elisabeth district. The construction was based on the plans of architect Pal Salkovics and finished in 1919.
1913	Construction of the Roman-Catholic theological seminar in Timisoara according to the plans of Ernst Foerk. Paintings by Aladar Kirsch-Korosfoi. Colored glass windows by Sandor Nagy.
1913-1914	Due the magyarization process, in all Banat exists only 34 schools in german language.
1914.06.15	Josef Geml becomes Timisoara's mayor.
1916 .08.04-17	The Petersburg/Petrograd Treaty; agreement between Romania and Antanta regarding the integrity of Banat and his union with Romania after the war.
After WWI	The schwabs from Banat are split in 3 important political orientations: -Reinhold Heegn's followers [Heegn was engineer originally from Werschetz]; they want Banat's union with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. -the "moderates" lead by Kaspar Muth and priest Franz Blaskovics; they want an autonomous Banat Republic [as part of Hungary or under hungarian/french protectorate]. -the "radicals" lead by Viktor Orendi-Hommenau, Andreas Dammang, Johann Tengler, Josef Gabriel, Johann Röser; they want Banat's union with the Romanian Kingdom. Each one of these representatives will have several changes in their political action.
1918.10.31	The Banat revolution and the proclamation of the Banat Republic by the Schwab layer Dr. Otto ROTH [* 6(8?).12.1884, Mîtnicul Mare; † 20.04.1956, Timişoara].
1918.11.13	Armistice convention signed by Karolyi government and Franchet d'Espérey, the commandant of Antanta's army in Balkan.
1918.11.15	The serbian army occupies Timisoara and Banat [until July 1919].
1918.12.03	The french troops [colonial troops from Maroc and Algeria lead by General Gambetta], which supervised the Serbian occupancy forces, enter in Timisoara. In their honor a reception in Billed was held. Johann Pierre will say with this occasion that Billed inhabitant's origin is French because they are originally from the Lorena region. Gambetta's troupes will be replaced on December 5 by General Farret's division [15.000 soldiers].
1918.12.08	National assembly [autonomous orientation] of the schwab representatives from 138 villages in Timisoara. The "Schwab Manifest" is adopted.
1918	Timisoara has 7 hospitals with 445 bad, 22 doctors, 48 nurses [for 60.000 inhabitants].
1919.02.20	The serb civil administration is introduced [by force] in Banat.
1919 .02.21-23	Political strike in Banat against the serbian occupation army.
1919.Spring	The romanian delegation will not take part at the works of the Territorial Committee because the Banat region is to be split.
1919.07.28	The Romanian administration is introduced in Banat.
1919 .08.02-03	The Romanian army enters in Timisoara.
1919.08.10	In Timisoara takes place a great popular meeting attended by 30000-40000 people representing the romanian population in Timisoara and the entire Banat. They voted a resolution regarding the ratification of the Decision from Alba Iulia dated December 1, 1918. 1000 schwab delegates from 33 villages, convoked by Deutsche Volkspartei, meet in Deutschen Haus in Timisoara. Their resolution sustains the integrity of Banat and the union with Romania.
1919.08.19	The schwab delegation [jurist Stefan Frecot from Timisoara, jurist Andreas Buschmann from Lipova, Thomas Fernbacher and Franz Timon from Lugoj] is meeting in Paris with the members of the "Council of Ten" [organ of the Peace Conference]. The first international manifestation of the schwab population from Banat.
1919- -after WWI	2/3 of Banat was united with Romania and 1/3 with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes [country known after 1929 as Yugoslavia]. Only 1% will be united with modern Hungary.
1919.09.04	Engineer Stan Vidrighin is appointed general mayor in Timisoara.
1919	The romanian political newspaper “Nadejdea” appears.
1920	A new political party is setup by the german's in romanian Banat: The Autonomist Party. The StEG domain is transformed in UDR/Uzinele de Fier si Domeniile Resita. The plywood plant is setup at Deta.
1920.06.04	Trianon Treaty.
1920.11.02	Timisoara's theater burns down in a consuming fire. The new building based on the plans of architect Duliu Marcu, is inaugurated on 1928.01.15.
1920.11.03	Set up and opening of the Polytechnic School of Timisoara.
1921	The romanian daily newspaper “Tara” and the weekly newspaper “Limba romana” appear, under the direction of Camil Petrescu.
1921	George Enescu’s first concerts in Timisoara.
1921	Josef Linster [1889-1954] will compose the schwab hymn using Peter Jung's poem "Mein Heimatland" [published on 11.09.1921 in Hatzfelder Zeitung].
1921	The two schwab parties will merge under the name Deutsch-Schwabische-Volksgemeinschaft.
1921-1927	The soccer team "Chinezul" from Timisoara is the champion of Romania in 6 consecutive editions of the championship.
1923.01.21	Foundation meeting in Timisoara of the Banat Association for Arts.
1923.03.12	Priest Augustin Pacha is appointed apostolic administrator of the Roman-Catholic Diocese from Cenad for the Romanian Banat.
1923	His Majesty King Ferdinand I, creator of the Great Romania, visits Timisoara.
1923	Construction of the Polytechnic School’s pavilions in Timisoara, on the Mihai Viteazul Blvd.
1925.10.04	Laying of the head stone of the Romanian Orthodox Church in the Mehala district.
1926	The romanian literary-artistic magazine “Banatul” appears under the direction of Sim. Sam Moldovan.
1926	The tram lines were 25 km long and had 5 ramifications; 35 tramcars were used. The first issue of the hungarian newspaper “Deli Hirlap”.
1926.04.23	The statue “Lupoaica” is inaugurated in Timisoara’s center. The statue is a gift received from Italy.
1926.08.26	Official inauguration in Timisoara of the stately Swabian School “Banatia”.
1926.11.15	Inauguration of the old people asylum in Timisoara.
1928.10.21	The first professional soccer club from Romania -"Ripensia"- is founded in Timisoara.
1929	Set up of the united Greek-Catholic parish of districts Elisabeth and Iosefin.
1929-1930	Construction of the “Capitol” cinema in Timisoara according to the plans of architect Duiliu Marcu.
1929-1934	Arranging of “Parcul Rozelor – Rosarium” in Timisoara under the direction of arch. Mihail Demetrovici.
1929-1936	Construction of the anti-rabic Institute [arch. Adrian Suciu] in Timisoara.
1930's	In Timisoara are 11 consulates: British, French, German, Italian, Austrian, Belgian, Czech-Slovak, Swedish, Dutch, Paraguayan, and Guatemalan[!].
1930-1944	The political daily newspaper “Vestul” appears [in romanian].
1930	In Banat live 226.776 schwabs [97.729 hungarians; 509.187 romanians; total inhabitants 941.521].
1930.06.05	Set up of the Timisoara Roman-Catholic Bishopric. Dr. Augustin Pacha is the Diocese’s first Bishop.
1930.11.30	Inauguration of the Hungarian House in Timisoara. Designer: arch. Laszlo Szekely.
1930.12.20	Timisoara has 91.866 inhabitants.
1931-1936	Construction of the Romanian Orthodox Church in the Iosefin district according to the plans of Eng. Victor Vlad.
1931-1940	The hungarian newspaper “6 orai Ujsag” appears under the direction of Zoltan Franyo, publicist and translator.
1931.07.19	Construction in Timisoara of the boys hostel of the Association of Romanian Women, according to the plans of Eng. Victor Vlad.
1932-1938	The soccer team "Ripensia" from Timisoara is for 5 time the champion of Romania.
1932	Set up of the Banat-Crisana Social Institute in Arad, which printed also a prestigious magazine.
1932.12.01	The last train on the old railroad Timisoara-Bazias.
1932-1937	The literary magazine “Vrerea” appears, under the direction of Ion Stoia Udrea.
1933	The “Academy of Arts” moves from Cluj to Timisoara.
1935-1937	Construction of the Palace of the apprentices hostel in Timisoara.
1935-1939	The bulgarian weekly newspaper Banaticvi Bulgarski Glasnik appeared in Timisoara
1936.07.02	His Majesty King Carol II visits Timisoara.
1936.12.20	Laying of the head stone of the orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral in Timisoara. Architect Ion Traianescu signed the project.
1938	Engineer Corneliu Miclosi built the first railway welding machine of the world [Taurus] in Timisoara
1938-1943	Finalizing of the Administrative Palace [presently: headquarters of the Prefecture and County Council] in Timisoara.
1939.11.08	Set up of the Timisoara Orthodox Bishopric.
1940-1945	Taking refuge in town, the teams of the National Theater and Romanian Opera from Cluj give permanent performances in Timisoara.
1941	In Banat live approximately 310.000 schwabs. In Timisoara exists 9050 houses [7620 with ground floor; 1043 with one floor; 382 with two or more floors].
1942.11.15	Set up of the “Timisoara seismic station”. Inauguration of the first trolley-bus line on the itinerary: Lahovary Square – Cathedral – Duca Street – Northern Railway Station and back.
1943	Two bus lines are put in function in Timisoara, on the itineraries Northern Railway Station – Ronat and Libertatii Square – The Fabric Vineyards. Based on a convention between the Romanian state and the German state, the Romanian soldiers of German nationality could make an opinion for their military service between the romanian army or the german army [Wehrmacht, Waffen SS or Todt Organization]. Until the end of the year, 54.000 Germans from Romania [svabi, sasi, steiermarker] were already in Waffen SS.
1944.06.16-17	Timisoara is bombed for the first time by the British military airforce.
1944.07.03	Timisoara is bombed again. The American military airforce threw the explosive bombs this time.
1944.09.12	The Red Army’s/russian communist first troops enter in Timisoara.
1944	The newspapers “Luptatorul banatean” and “Szabad Szo” appear, as well as the new edition of the “Temeswarer Zeitung”.
1945.01.06-09	Deportation in Russia; approximately 70.000 Germans -man between 17-45 years and women between 18-30 years- from Romania [svabi, sasi, steiermarker] are deported to URSS where will stay between 1-5 years.
1945.08._	Set up of the Agriculture Faculty within the Polytechnic Institute in Timisoara. It represented the basis for the foundation of the Agronomic Institute in 1948. Set up of the Medical Institute in Timisoara.
1945.10.18	Set up of the first professional Romanian Theater in Timisoara, presently the National Theater.
1946	Timisoara's museum is moving in the Huniade Castle.
1946.03._	Set up of the Romanian Opera in Timisoara. The official inauguration takes place on 27.04.1947, with the performance of “Aida” by G. Verdi.
1946.08._	Set up of the Medical Institute in Timisoara.
1946.10.06	Solemn consecration of the Metropolitan Cathedral in the presence of King Mihai I, Patriarch Nicodim, Metropolitan Bishop Nicolae of Ardeal and Bishops Vasile of Timisoara, Andrei of Arad, Nicolae of Cluj, Nicolae of Oradea and Veniamin of Caransebes, as well as thousands of believers.
1947.04.17	The “Banatul” State Philarmonic Orchestra from Timisoara becomes a professional concert institution.
1947.09.27	Set up of the Banat Metropolitan Seat in Timisoara.
1948	Fratelia [Chisoda-Noua] becomes Timisoara's 6th district.
1948	Set up of the Pedagogic Institute in Timisoara, which in 1962 changed into a university.
1948.06.11	Nationalization of the industrial companies, banks and transportation means.
1949	Set up of the Timisoara Branch of the Writers Union from Romania. The magazine “Scrisul banatean”, “Banater Schriftum” and “Bansagi Iras” appear. The “Flacara” literary circle begins its activity.
1949.03.20	The first Muppet Theater's theatrical season is open in Timisoara.
1950	Freidorf becomes Timisoara's 7th district.
1951 .06.18/19- -1956	Deportation in Baragan [18 new villages were setup here by 12791 families/40320 members [7605 families/25233 members were from Banat] -some historians are talking even about 60000 deportees; a security border for 25 Km was implemented along the Romanian-Yugoslavia border between Beba Veche/Timis County and Gruia/Mehedinti County/203 villages]. The structure of the deportees [no. given by the Association of Former Deportees in Baragan]: 659/1330 foreign citizen; 2998/8477 romanians from Basarabia; 841/3557 romanians from Macedonia; 871/2601 germans [782/2344 ex-members of SS tropes; 304/1054 titoists; 1330 serbian's; 5570/19034 kulaks and publicans; 179/341 ex-political and common convicts; 57/162 landlords; 413/1218 having fugitive relatives; etc. On request we can verify easily -having all the deportees names for each village as they are given by the Association of Former Deportees in Baragan - if some members of certain families were deported to Baragan.
1951	Ghiroda Noua [the Crisan colony] and the Plopi colony become Timisoara's 8th and 9th districts.
1953.01.01	Set up of the Hungarian State Theater, which in 1990 changed its name into “Csiky Gergely” State Theater. Set up of the German State Theater.
Since 1953	Timisoara has been the only European city with 3 state theaters that stage pays in 3 languages: romanian, hungarian and german.
1953	The locality Ciarda Rosie becomes Timisoara's 10th district.
1954	Set up of the Puppet Show in Timisoara.
1955.05.05	The first radio show broadcasted by Radio Timisoara.
1957	The publication “Die Wahrheit” appears.
1961-1965	Construction in Timisoara of the Western University according to the plans of architect Hans Fackelmann.
1967-1968	Construction in Timisoara of the Music High School [architects Aurelia and Hans Fackelmann]. Construction in Timisoara of the “Olimpia” Sports Hall [architect Sorin Gavra].
1969	Great manifestations dedicated to the anniversary of 700 years from Timisoara’s first documentary attestation. Arranging of the “Timisoara 700” Square.
1969	Mecipt 1, the first romanian computer was made in Timisoara
1970-1972	Construction of the “Bega” store [architect Vasile Oprisan] in Timisoara.
1970-1974	Construction of the Timis County Hospital [architect Nicolae Dancu] in Timisoara.
1970-1984	Construction of the Agronomic Institute [architect Aurelia Fackelmann] in Timisoara.
1971	Construction of the “Continental” Hotel [architect Gheorghe Garleanu] in Timisoara.
1972	At Resita is opened one of the seven museums in Europe consecrated to railways engines.
1972-1973	Construction of the Institute for Welding and Materials Testing [architect Adelina Iojica] in Timisoara.
1972-1978	Construction of the Cultural Home for Youth [architects Haralambie Covechi, Ivan Stern] in Timisoara.
1974-1976	Construction of the Electrotechnical Faculty [architect Petre Swoboda] in Timisoara.
1977	In Banat live approximately 159.000 schwabs.
1978	Agreement between Romania and West Germany regarding the family reunification.
1980	Rearranging of the Unirii Square in Timisoara.
1980-1982	Building of the Construction Faculty [designers: Hans Fackelmann, Haralambie Covechi, Octavian Gheorghiu, Cristian Dumitrescu] in Timisoara. There is a section of German language as well.
1986.06.26	The Botanic Park is opened in Timisoara. The ZOO is opened in the same year.
1989.12._	In Banat live approximately 90.000 schwabs.
1989.12.15	The parishioners of the Lutheran/Calvinist church from Timisoara come together in front of the parish house on the Timotei Cipariu Street no. 1. They protest against the forced evacuation of priest Laszlo Tokes.
1989.12.16	Outburst and generalization of the anticommunist popular revolution from Romania, based on the protests of the Lutheran/Calvinist parishioners. Timisoara becomes the symbol of the firm and heroic fight against the haunting dictatorship, and represents the social unity and fraternity of the co-inhabiting nations.
1989.12.17	“Timisoara’s bloody Sunday”. The military forces shoot with war ammunition into the population. The first heroes of the Revolution sacrifice their lives for freedom. In Romania 1.104 people will die in December'89 [162 before 22.12. and 942 after this date; 34,5% of these were belonging to the Army and Police forces]. Other 3.352 were wounded [1107 before 22.12.].
1989.12.20	The Romanian Democratic Front comes to life in the Opera building. Timisoara is declared "free town".
1989.12.22	The Timisoara Radio Station restarts its activity. The town’s first TV station begins its activity – the Timisoara Free TV Station. Ceausescu's communist regime is falling.
1990.02.11	The first edition of the extremely popular weekly newspaper “Agenda” appears in Timisoara. Editor and chief editor is Zoltan Kovacs.
1990.03.03	Msgr. Sebastian Kraeuter is appointed Bishop of the Roman-Catholic Diocese of Timisoara.
1990.03.11	During a meeting in the Opera Square the "Proclamation from Timisoara" is launched.
1990.08.07	Liviu Borha becomes Timisoara's mayor.
1990's	The mass-media develops very quickly in Timisoara. The already existing newspapers continued to appear under new names and new publications appear as well. The most important daily and weekly newspapers issued in Timisoara in the first stage of the post-revolutionary period are [in alphabetical order]: Accent, Agenda, Alpo si Tim, Bagoly, Curier sportiv banatean, Dialog liberal, Ea si El, Foaia Banatenilor, Gazeta de Vest, Mersi, pardon, scuzati, Nasa Glas, Nasa Reci, Neue Banater Zeitung, Renasterea Banateana, Sport, Sarutul, Strada, Temesvari UJ SZO, HETI UJ SZO, Timisoara, Timpolis, Vestul, VestINFO, Vest Sport, Viata Economica Banateana, etc.
1992	In Banat live approximately 30.000 schwabs.
1992.02.17	Free Elections. Viorel Oancea becomes the Timisoara's mayor.
1996.02.17	Gheorghe Ciuhandu becomes the Timisoara's mayor. He will be reelected four years latter [in 2000] for a new 4 years mandate.
1996.07.06	The “Csiky Gergely” Hungarian Theater from Timisoara initiates the first edition of the rope walkers’ festivity, with the participation of representatives of all kind of arts from Romania and abroad.
1996.09.16	Nicolae Vacaroiu and Gyula Horn, the Prime ministers of the two neighboring countries, sign the Romanian-Hungarian Treaty at Timisoara in the prefecture building.
2000's	In Timisoara are opened 6 consulates: German, Italian, Austrian, Yugoslav, Slovak, French. In the Timis County people belonging to 29 ethnic origins and 17 religions live together in harmony. On regular basis cultural actions in 8 languages take place in the region. Here are over 800 cultural establishment only in Timis County; 466 libraries, 11 museums, 3 cinemas, 7 theatres, etc. Today, Timisoara is the regional capital of Timis County; population: aprox. 450000; area: 130,5 km².

This chronology will be always "under construction" as we will ad periodically new dates and facts related to Banat