history XVIII

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BANAT'S HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY FOR THE LAST MILLENNIUM

XVIII CENTURY

year/month/date

1703	13 miners from Tirol lead by Mathias Brunner are prospecting for minerals at Oravita. Francisc Rakoczi III's uprising in Transylvania and Hungary.
1708.03._- -.09._	Plague. In June the plague is all over Banat. Only in the village of Sanandrei will die 366 people between 26.03.-22.06.
1716.10.12	Prince Eugene of Savoy and his troops defeat the ottomans and conquer Timisoara.
1716-1778	Banat was direct ruled by the imperial administration from Vienna [military administration 1718-1751; civil administration 1751.09.29-1778].
1716.11.01- -1734.06.29	Count Claude Florimond Mercy d'Argenteau is Banat’s military and civil governor.
1717-1849	The peasants from Banat lose the right of ownership on their land and only the usufruct right will remain.
1717.07.12	The first project for Banat's organization ["Unvorgreifliches Einrichtundss-Projectu in dem Bannat Temesvar"] made by Count Mercy.
1718.01.01	The German magistrate is set up in Timisoara, led by surgeon Tobias Balthazar as mayor. Judge Nicola Muncsia is appointed leader of the Timisoara's Rascian-Illyrian magistrate, existing already under the turkish occupancy.
1718.02.03	Lorenz Pez is the first superior Jesuit in Timisoara.
1718.07.21	Passarowitz/Pozarevac Peace treaty; the House of Habsburg is recognized as the new ruler of Banat.
1718	The first brewery in Romania is setup in Timisoara; the brewery is still producing one of the best romanian beers. The first romanian rice field is arranged in Ghiroda [1718-1721]. At Oravita the first in today Romania furnace for cast iron using charcoal is set-up. The first elementary school is opened in Timisoara.
1719	Very rainy period between April-November.
1720	Saint Nepomuc's statue is raised in front of the Timisoara's mayoralty. This is the oldest monument existing in Timisoara. Today the statue is in the Roman-Catholic church's court in Iosefin. The hungarian historian and geograph Mathias Bel, which visited Banat between 1720-1730, will note: "hic est ut nihil sermone valachico Temesvarini sit vulgatius" [in Timisoara the romanian language is more popular] recognizing that the romanians compose the majority of Timisoara's inhabitants.
1722-1786	Colonization of “Swabians” [general denomination] in Banat.
1723.04.25- -1765	Construction of a new brick fortress in Timisoara; the Vauban system is used. Kaspar Dissel will led this work more than 30 years. The northeastern bulwark and some fragments were preserved up to present.
1724.04.03	Set up of the Saint John of Nepomuk and the Holy Virgin congregation in Timisoara.
1724	Sannicolau Mare becomes the headquarters of the Banat military treasury. The austrian Matyas Oxel gets the approval for building a brewery. The hierarchical prefect has his headquarters here. At Calina village is setup a glass manufacture.
1724.03.05	Cenad Bishopric moved to Timisoara.
1725	Aulic laws regarding health in Banat ["Normativum generale Re Sanitas"].
1726	The Roman-Catholic community of the Jesuits opens a gymnasium with three classes in Timisoara.
1727.05.16	Saint John of Nepomuk was chosen protector of Banat and May 16 was declared national holiday in Banat.
1728- -1771/1783	Digging and regularization of the Bega channel. Bega was transformed into a navigable fluvial channel [115 km]. Only for the digging of Bega Channel were needed more than 3 million days of work and 1.440.000 m³ of earth to be removed [more earth was moved than at the buildings of the pyramids]. Banat gets connected to the European navigation system. The first attempt to regularize Bega and Timis rivers were made under the Turks occupation by A. Cornaro when some work were done also in the Budint-Chizatau zone. Between 1728-1732, under Count Mercy's leadership, the fist steps are made.
1728	The first tobacco mill in today Romania is setup in Timisoara. The factory is still in function.
1729	The Transilvania barrack is finalized in Timisoara. The building was demolished between 1961-1965. At Oravita is inaugurated the School for Mine and Metallurgy. In 1789 the school will be moved to Resita.
1730-1734	Colonization's of the romanians named bufeni/olteni from Oltenia [Mica Valahie/Oltenien/Kleine Walachei] in several villages.
1731	Flood and animal epidemics in Banat; 3.064 horses, 11.367 ox, 16.667 cow, 7.206 calf, 65.550 sheep, 25.992 pigs will die. More than 2.500 families in whole Banat can not pay their taxes.
1731.12.24	Mayor Peter Solderer lays the head stone of the German city hall [presently named the Old City Hall] in Timisoara.
1732	Timisoara becomes the residence of the Roman-Catholic Bishopric of the Cenad diocese.
1732.11._	The first ship on Bega channel between Timisoara and Pancevo.
1733.03.19	Laying of the head stone of the Franciscan Order from the Bosnia province in Timisoara.
1733.09._	Catastrophic flood of Mures river.
1735-1739	The first Ruse-Imperial-Turkish war.
1735-1737	Construction of the Greek-Catholic Dome in Timisoara.
1735	The first apothecary is opened in Timisoara.
1736- -1754/1773	Construction of the Roman-Catholic Dome in Timisoara according to the plans of the Austrian architect Emanuel Fischer of Erlach.
1737	Laying of the head stone of the Merciful Hospital [the first hospital in Timisoara; the hospital was under the leading of the Misericordian monks].
1737-1739	Turkish-Imperial war. The South of Banat is a battle field.
1738-1739	Romanian's uprising against the Imperial authorities in Banat.
1738.02._- -1740	Plague in Banat [spread by the Imperial army]. The great plague epidemic killed 1/6 of Timisoara's population in that period. The imperial counselor Johann Deschan ordered the construction of the Monument of the Holy Trinity located in the Roman-Catholic Dome Square [presently: Unirii Square]. The monument is dedicated to the victims of the epidemic.
1737-1741	Because Oltenia was lost during the war by the Imperials, the bulgarians, under the leadership of Milos Stanislavici, Nicopole's bishop, will immigrate in Banat [Dudestii Vechi, Vinga]. Between 1740-1750 Milos/Nicolae Stanislavici is archbishop of Cenad. In 1770, existed 8,683 bulgarians in Banat [at a population of ~450,000]. In 1776 other 208 [60?] families coming from Nicopole area will colonized Lovrin. Later, Lovrin will be colonized with settlers from Western Europe [mainly between 8.07.1784-1.11.1786] and from other Banat villages as well [as Periam] and the bulgarian colony will move to Ecka, at 10 km SE of Zrenjanin.
1739.02.04	Earthquake in Banat. Big fire in Timisoara.
1739.09.18	Belgrad Peace Treaty.
1741.02.22	Death of Peter Solderer [B~1690, Mittendorf, Saint Veith], citizen of Timisoara starting 17.12.1717, mayor of Timisoara between 1722-1741.
1743-1754	Construction of the Roman-Catholic Episcopal Palace in Timisoara.
1744	The Timisoara's municipal hospital is finalized. For the first time flaying sanitary pages -in romanian language- with measurements for controlling the epidemics are spread trough Banat. The Fabric and Iosefin quarters are setup in Timisoara.
1745	Comet [name unknown] seen in Banat. Construction of the Merciful Hospital’s church in Timisoara.
1745-1748	Construction of the first Orthodox cathedral in Timisoara.
1749	At Ghiroda is obtained, by italian families, the first promising rice harvest.
1750	The procedure of stamping the letters envelopes was initiated in Banat.
1750.02.24	Prof. Miklos Revay was born in Sannicolau Mare. His father was a shoemaker. Revay will renew the Hungarian language, becoming a world wide known philologist and author of encyclopedias. He dies in England in 1807.
1751-1753	Administrative reform in Banat.
1751	The second hospital is opened in Timisoara [the Fortress Hospital].
1753.05._	The first mention of the organized theatre of Timisoara. A German group of actors performed theatre plays in the town between May-November. Timisoara is the third town in the Empire [after Vienna and Budapest] with a permanent theatre season.
1754	Construction of the governmental residence in Timisoara.
1754	The third hospital is raised in Timisoara [The Garrison Hospital].
1755	The leather manufacture is setup in Timisoara.
1757-1760	The dutch engineer Maximilian Emmanuel Frémaut [1725-1768] will project the big system Timis-Bega in order to regularize these rivers. The Bega Channel is reshaped and a new riverbed is made at South of Mercy's Channel.
1758	Set up of a Romanian Orthodox school in Timisoara.
1759.08.01- -1769.01.01	Banat's incomes [the Military Border not included] are rented/leased to Wiener Stadt-Bank for a 10 million florin loan.
1760	Timisoara is the first town in the Empire where the public lightening using suet candles and lamps with oil and grease is introduced.
1761	The city hall of the Rascian-Illyrian magistrate is finalized in Timisoara.
1762	Construction of Timisoara's first synagogue for the Jewish community.
1762-1763	The second great plague epidemic in Banat. The victims are commemorated by the Monument dedicated to Saint John of Nepomuk located in the Parade Square [presently: Libertatii Square in Timisoara].
1764	The first permanent theatre hall is set up in Timisoara in the Rascian-Illyrian Mayoralty building.
1765-1774	The military border is set up in the South of Banat.
1767	The imperial commissary Andreas Hadik chairs an Illyrian congress in Timisoara. Anti-Habsburg uprising of the schwabs in Jimbolia. 10 participants are imprisoned [4 will die in prison]. Mures river food will produce a lot of damages.
1768.spring	Emperor Joseph II [under the name grof Falkenstein] visits Banat and Timisoara.
1768-1789	Epidemics of typhus in Banat.
1769	Anti-Hapsburg uprising of the schwabs in Billed and Frumuseni/Schöndorf/Szépfalu.
1769-1772	Big map drawing works were done in Banat. Lieutenant-Colonel Baron Philipp Elmpt's team of 42 topographists will realized an exceptional map of Banat [scale 1:28000] in 208 sections. The map is to be found today at Kriegsarchiv in Vienna.
1769.08.14	[and before this date] The Messier comet is seen in Banat.
1769.11.01	Starts the building of the first metallurgic factories at Resita. In this moment Resita is only a village with 40-50 houses and 300 inhabitants [romanians from Oltenia settled here in 1757].
1770	New aulic laws regarding health in Banat ["Normativum generale Re Sanitas"].
1770.summer	Second visit of Joseph II in Banat.
1770	553 people died in Jimbolia due to the fever disease.
1771	The first printing house/owner Mathäus Heimerl [in Timisoara's Fabric quarter].
1771.04.18	The weekly newspaper “Temeswarer Nachrichten” [editor Mathäus Heimerl] appears for the first time in Timisoara. It is the first newspaper in Banat and the first german newspaper in Central & Eastern/SE Europe and the oldest newspaper on today romanian's territory.
1772.01.11	"Impopulationis Haupt" Instruction; the systematization of the villages started. New regulations for the building of the villages were imposed.
1772	By Joseph II's order, each colonists is forced to plant a number of fruit trees around their houses.
1773.spring	Emperor Joseph II visits Timisoara and Banat for the third/last time.
1774	A german calendar is printed in Timisoara.
1775	Set up of the Normal School for Boys in Timisoara.
1776	The torture is abolished in Banat.
1778	Banat had 270 schools [147 in romanian language; 60 in german language; 53 in serbian language; 3 in hungarian language and 2 in bulgarian language]. "Ratio Educationis", which will regulate the functioning of the state's schools, replaced "Schulordnung".
1778.02.01- -1848.06.22	Banat [without the Military Border in South; this will remain under the direct Imperial administration up to 8.07.1871] was incorporated to Hungary.
1779.04.23	Maria Tereza, as queen of Hungary, will decree the setup of Timis County [effectively starting 22.06.], Totontal County [13.07.], Caras County [5.08.].
1779.05.01	New counties administration for Timis, Caras, Torontal are appointed [and not elected as the hungarian laws required].
1779.06.22	The county administrative system is introduced again in Banat. Timisoara becomes the capital of the Timis County. Count Kristof Niczky is the county’s first leader.
1779-1780	A complete inventory of the cameral domains was made [mainly in Cenad, Timisoara, Panciova and Becicherecul Mare districts]: 127 estates with 225 villages and 39.418 households.
1780 .10.17-.11.01	"Conscriptio Urbarialis Banaticum" [made by Count Kristof Niczky's Commission using as example the already existing Hungarian one].
1780.Julay	Invasion of locusts in Banat.
1780	Appears the work “Versuch einer politischen und natuerlichen Geschichte des Temeswarer Banats” written by Francesco Griselini. It is the first monography regarding the region between Mures and Danube rivers [ie Banat].
1781.08.01	Is published the auction for all the estates in Banat [Timis and Torontal Counties]. In the first stage of the public auction, which took place in Vienna and Timisoara, 73 estates were sold. The second stage was started in 1797. Totally, 127 estates were sold.
1781.10.13	Joseph II's Tolerance Patent. Protestants are allowed to came/settled in Banat.
1781.12.21	Joseph II's decree regarding the privilege of imperial free city Timisoara.
1782	The Piarist gymnasium opens. It was moved from Santana, Arad County, to Timisoara, where it functioned up to 1948.
1783.09.16	Timisoara becomes a free imperial town.
1784	In Timisoara's Fabric district functions an Illyrian school, which in 1852 was divided into a Romanian and a Serbian school. Joseph II forbids the import of wool in Banat.
1784.10.20	Joseph II's "Letter of Tolerance" to register all the marriages in the book of married.
1786	The "Letter of Marriage" -which arranged religious-judicial problems of the marriage- is proclaimed by Joseph II.
1787-1791	The second Ruse-Imperial-Turkish war [between 1788-1790 Banat, mainly it's South portion, is field of war].
1790	The Illyrian congress comes together in Timisoara. Mathias Hammer, a wood cutter, find pitcoal of finest quality at Steierdorf-Anina. For his discovery he was rewarded with 50 florini. In 1792, Heinrich Hensch will discover the main coal vein.
1790.03.25	9,30 pm Violent earthquake in Banat [in South Banat the earthquakes have epicenters in Teregova, Oravita-Sasca, Moldova Noua, Vrsac; in the Timisora region: focus in the area Bega-Vinga-Varias-Bulgarus-Mocrin].
1790	The whole wheat harvest was lost in Banat. First theatrical performance in Timisoara with the play "The Rape from the Seraglio".
1790-1791	Timisoara, as free imperial town, will receive for the first time the right to vote in Parliament/diet.
1791	The independent Greek Episcopal Church in Timisoara is restored and adorned with two new towers.
1793.08.18	Total sun eclipse seen in Banat.
1794	The building of the former Rascian city hall in Timisoara become theatre.
1794	The 'year of hunger'. Dryness in summer; all wells dried up. The inhabitants from the Banat village plain will give up their pigs for care in the Banat Mountains in exchange of half of their number.
1794-'95	Heavy winter in the East of Banat.
1796	Famine in Banat. The Magic Flute was performed in Timisoara at one year from his premiere in Vienna. The plant for steel and rolled metal goods from Otelu Rosu is build. At Oravita is opened a pharmacy; owner Lederer [having Jewish origin]. The furniture and the specific instruments were brought from Vienna. The medicines and the raw materials were imported from the firm "Doctor Wander"/Budapest. In 1810 Carol von Knoblauch buys the pharmacy. For almost two centuries, the Knoblauch's were the pharmacists here. The pharmacy is still functioning today in the same building using the same old instruments as more than 205 years a go. The pharmacy's library has more than 500 books brought from Vienna and Budapest, some of them being more than 300 years old.
1798	At Sannicolau Mare is established the first Agricultural School in Romania [and Hungary at that date] and one of the oldest in Europe. In his testament Kristofor Nako makes a donation in order to organize the education of 12 serfs’ sons. The school prepared agronomists and administrators for the counts’ estates. The school started its activity in 1801. It will be modernized in 1863.
1799	Pera Vuin discovered in Sannicolau Mare a famous treasure [more than 23 objects with a total weight of 9,959 kg gold], which today one can see at Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

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